Evaluation of stress strain non-uniformities in the laboratory direct simple shear test specimens using 3D discrete element analysis     

Antone Dabeet  Peter Byrne 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2015,10(4):249-260

The direct simple shear (DSS) device is one of the commonly used laboratory element testing tools to characterize the shear behaviour of soil. The interpretation of results from an element test requires understanding of the degree of stress and strain non-uniformities in a given test specimen. So far, studies on stress and strain non-uniformities in the DSS test have been conducted using direct boundary measurements of stresses in laboratory specimens supported by a continuum based analytical approach. Discrete element modelling now provides a means of modelling the soil behaviour in a realistic manner using a particulate approach. Accordingly, the performance of a DSS specimen was modelled using discrete element modelling with emphasis on assessing stress and strain non-uniformities in the specimen during shearing. The approach allowed for the numerical determination of stresses not only at the boundaries, but also within the DSS specimen. It was shown that mobilised stress ratio distribution throughout the shearing phase for the majority of specimen volume at locations near the central planes parallel and perpendicular to the direction of shearing is fairly uniform. Finally, it was noted that the potential for particle slippage at locations near the specimen centre can result in non-uniform shear strain distributions.  相似文献   

“This is a Montreal Issue”: Negotiating responsibility in global production and investment networks     

Noah Quastel 《Geoforum》2011,42(4):451-461

While geographers have increasingly focused on how global commodity and production networks create new ‘geographies of responsibility’ there has been little empirical work considering how responsibility is worked into management systems and social activism in such networks. Drawing on literature from global production networks, geographies of responsibility and other literatures, this paper explores the dynamic and contested ways in which concepts of responsibility can play a role in network regulation. Both foreign direct investment and commodity networks (here referred to as ‘global production and investment networks’) are subject to complex negotiations and compromises involving corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiatives as well as shareholder activist, human rights, labor, and environmental activism. This is illustrated by reference to conflicts in Canada over Alcan, Inc.’s investments from 1993 to 2007 in the Utkal Alumina Project in Orissa, India. The project involved significant socio-environmental conflict. In Canada, Alcan’s investment was met by civil society campaigns that tested the company’s commitments to sustainability and corporate social responsibility. The case study suggests revising theories of geographies of responsibility. While foreign direct investment can create new relationships between distant others, these are fluid and contingent and not necessarily desirable. Rather than see networks as a source of responsibility we should work to ensure that the relationships that networks foster be structured to ensure our deeper values are respected.  相似文献   

天津轨道交通对地磁观测干扰的影响研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

谢凡  滕云田  徐学恭  邢西淳  胡星星 《地震学报》2011,33(2):252-261

直流牵引城市轨道交通系统在运行过程中产生的磁场对我国大城市周边地磁台站的观测数据产生较为严重的干扰.城市轨道交通运行过程中产生泄露电流是产生干扰的重要原因.本文以真空中的线电流磁场计算模型为基础,通过简化的远场磁场干扰模型对天津地铁轨道交通干扰进行理论建模.该模型计算简洁高效.通过对模型的数值模拟,获得了干扰随距离衰减...  相似文献   

A fracture study by using bipole–bipole cross-well logging     

T.R. Guo  L.T. Tong  L.W. Chiang  C.H. Yang 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(2):203-210

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) can provide images of subsurface electrical structure between two boreholes. Data quality control is a key issue before ERT inversion. However, there is no effective data quality control method on an ERT survey. In this paper, a method called common current gather for a bipole–bipole array (CCGbb) was proposed to check ERT data quality in a rapid way. Synthetic models were conducted to compare the response difference between pole–pole array and bipole–bipole array. A field work at granite area was tested to verify the applicability of the proposed CCGbb method. From the results of this study, we suggested that conducting CCGbb before ERT inversion and a cross-borehole tracer test for both field data quality control and possible water conducting fractures (WCFs) delineation.  相似文献   

无光照条件下CMOS图像传感器噪声分析     

原玉磊  邹亮  艾金鹏 《测绘工程》2011,20(4):31-34

在无光照条件下,对采用CMOS图像传感器的尼康D90相机在不同的曝光时间下进行拍摄实验,分析CMOS图像传感器在不同曝光时间下的暗电流噪声以及系统噪声在传感器像面上的空间分布。得出如下结论：系统噪声并没有随曝光时间增加而增大的趋势,因此,系统的暗电流噪声比较小;而整体噪声在不同的曝光时间下,都有在空间分布上有像面外围较大而像面中间较小的情况,根据该分布给出计算不同位置像素系统噪声大小的公式。  相似文献   

TK算法在GPS中的新应用     

刘德荣  杨东凯  李明里  黄毅 《全球定位系统》2011,36(3):14-17

讨论了TK算法的原理和在GPS中TK算法的新应用。用TK算法估算出GPS多径信号相对于直射信号的码片延迟,使GPS直射信号经过一定的延迟后,与反射信号进行叠加,提高了直射信号的载噪比,进而达到反射信号增强直射信号的作用。验证了这一算法和结论。  相似文献   

点云数据直接贴图方法探讨     

王俊杰  王宇楠  曹奇 《现代测绘》2011,34(5)

本文介绍了基于点云的Delaunay三角形格网的贴图原理和方法以及对点云直接贴图的原理和方法,并通过实验比较这两种贴图方法的效果,说明了直接对点云贴图的方法的可行性。  相似文献   

天津市服务业利用外商投资的实证分析     

王艳红  李伯辰  张芃 《地域研究与开发》2015,(3):34-38

服务业的发展是促进全球经济增长的重要力量,发达国家普遍呈现出产业结构高级化特征。利用外商投资可以促进中国服务业的发展,是加快经济发展的有效手段。通过对天津市服务业发展以及服务业利用外商直接投资现状的分析,对服务业外商直接投资与经济增长的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:服务业外商直接投资不仅促进了天津经济的增长,同时,还对资本积累、产业结构、技术水平、就业程度及人力资本产生了不同程度的促进作用;技术水平进步、就业水平的提高、人力资本的提升又将带动天津经济增长。天津市应发挥现代服务业发展的优势,发挥天津自贸区的区位优势和政策优势,积极承揽国际服务外包。  相似文献   

河口往复流中潮流不对称与推移质输沙的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李谊纯  董德信  陈波 《海洋科学》2015,39(6):99-103

潮流不对称现象是近岸潮波运动的基本特征之一,为了研究潮流不对称对推移质泥沙长期净输运的作用机制,首先在往复流情况下对Bagnold推移质输沙率公式(1966)由于不包含起动流速所可能导致的误差进行理论分析,进而由统计学中的"偏度"的概念出发,推导了河口潮流不对称与推移质输沙之间的定量关系。研究认为,虽然Bagnold推移质输沙率公式不包含泥沙起动流速,但是只要泥沙起动流速和最大流速的比值在一定范围内,则在理论上公式的计算误差是可以接受的。由偏度结合Bagnold公式导出了潮流不对称与推移质输沙之间的关系,表明推移质泥沙的长期净输运不仅与余流有关,而且与不同分潮组合之间、余流与分潮之间的相互作用紧密相关。该关系还给出了一个由潮流调和常数估算河口推移质输沙的简便方法。经对比,从潮流不对称出发估算推移质输沙与直接采用推移质输沙率公式结果一致。  相似文献   

冬、夏季渤黄海表层沉积物粒度特征差异及其成因分析     

王晓磊  冯秀丽  刘潇  刘杰  权永峥 《海洋科学》2015,39(8):63-69

对渤海、黄海海域冬、夏两季表层沉积物取样,通过激光粒度仪得出粒度参数,进而分析讨论冬季强的沿岸流的作用、黄海暖流、夏季冷水团的影响以及地形、海底地貌特征、物源特征等对表层沉积物分布造成的影响。结果表明,冬、夏两季渤黄海表层沉积物粒度特征总体上相差不大,但部分海域如渤海中北部、渤海中南部、北黄海西北部近渤海海峡北部海域、山东半岛东北部海域、南黄海中部沉积物粒度特征存在明显季节性差异。表层沉积物粒度特征季节性差异与地形地貌、沿岸流、黄海暖流、黄海冷水团及物源密切相关。本研究对于探讨渤黄海不同季节表层沉积物沉积特征的影响机制、了解渤黄海区海洋动力过程的季节差异有积极意义。  相似文献